Questions and Answers

Question

Salam alaikum, how is a property with a single document managed? Who keeps the document? How is maintenance done on such property left behind for two wives, eight sons and five daughters?

Answer

Assalamu ‘alaikum.

Thank you for visiting my site and taking the time to contact me. I appreciate the three questions. But I will start answering the last one.

A man is survived by 2 wives, 8 sons and 5 daughters. I assume that both his parents and grandparents are no more. Both wives are to equally share 1/8. The children are to share the remaining 7/8 such that each male gets the share of two females. Using Rule Q from my website, the base number is 48. https://inheritance.sadtayyfoundation.org/level-two-part-2/

Wives:

1/8 x 48 = 6.

Each wife gets 3 portions.

Children:

7/8 x 48 = 42

or

48 – 6 = 42.

Number of heads of children = 21 (each son has “2 heads” while each daughter has “1 head”).

So, Remaining estate/number of heads of children = 42/21 = 2.

Therefore, each son has 2 x 2 heads = 4 portions; and each daughter has 2 x 1 head = 2 portions.

Check: Total share of wives (6 portions) + total share of sons (32 portions) + total share of daughters (10 portions) = 48 (the base number).

Management of property.

Two options:

1) Sell off the property and share the proceeds among the heirs based on their portions. For example, if the property is worth $1million,

Each wife: 3/48 x 1,000,000 = $62,500

Each son: 4/48 x 1,000,000 = $83,333.33

Each daughter: 2/48 x 1,000,000 = $41,666.67

2) Lease the property and share the proceeds among the heirs based on their portions after all maintenance/running costs have been settled. If the property were to be a house, whenever the tenant pays his rental, necessary costs like repairs, taxes, estate agent’s commission, security, e.t.c. are deducted. (Note that these costs vary from country to country. Also, it depends on the agreement signed by the tenant.) The balance is distributed among the heirs based on their portions.

In a situation whereby one of the heirs is occupying the building, he is to pay the rental, then necessary costs are deducted and the balance is shared. This tenant who is also an heir is entitled to his portion of inheritance.

Who keeps the documents?

I do not know of any explicit rule in Shari’ah regarding custody of documents. But generally, if the property is sold, the buyer owns and keeps the documents. And if it were to be leased, the heirs are to entrust the documents with whomsoever they wish; either one of them or someone else. This person has to be trusted by all the heirs such that he will not sell off the property without their knowledge or use the documents as collateral to collect loan from a bank.

Allah knows best.

Question

I am confused. I have only one child -(daughter) , one wife,one full brother and three full sisters. Lets assume I have total assets worth £100.000 and I like to leave 1/3 of my assets to my non heirs. That leaves me with £666,666. How should this money be distributed and where does the residual (left over amount go. I shall truly appreciate your help at your very earliest. Jazak Allah.

Answer

Assalamu alaikum,

Thank you for your question. And Jazakal Lahu khairan for considering giving out 1/3 of your asset (which I prefer to call estate) to non-heirs. Only few people these days do that.

First and foremost, from your question, if your estate is worth one hundred thousand pounds (£100,000), 2/3 of it cannot be six hundred and sixty six thousand, six hundred and sixty six pounds (£666,666). I believe you wanted to type one million pounds (£1,000,000). Therefore, to answer your question, I will assume that:

1) Total value of estate = £1,000,000
2) 1/3 given to non heirs = £333,333
3) Remaining 2/3 to be shared among heirs = £666,666

The distribution will be as follows:

Daughter gets 1/2 of £666,666 = £333,333

Wife receives 1/8 of £666,666 = £83,333.25

Full brother and 3 full sisters then share the residue such that full brother gets twice what each full sister is given. So we assume that the full brother has “2 heads” and each full sister has “1 head”. That’s a total of “5 heads”. Hence we divide the residue £249,999.75 by 5. That gives £49,999.95. As a result,

Full brother = £49,999.95 x 2 = £99,999.90

Each full sister = £49,999.95

If we check for accuracy, adding up all the shares will give us £666,666 i.e

Daughter + wife + full brother + (3 x full sister) = £666,666

£333,333 + £83,333.25 + £99,999.90 + (3 x £49,999.95) = £666,666.

I hope its clear.

Ma assalam.

Question

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته 

My name is Waasief. I am currently an Imam in Cape Town. I recently downloaded your inheritance file and am using it as a basis in one of my English classes.

I would appreciate it if you could please elucidate a bit more about your source reference. Great work.

Answer

وعليكم السلام و رحمة الله وبركاته

Thank you for your email. I am elated to learn that people as far as South Africa are making good use of my humble effort.

Answering your question, the book is not a direct translation of any single book. A number of books and online sources were used as references. I am sure, I listed them on the last page. However, the “skeleton” of the book is based on a chapter, كتاب الميراث of a book called

إرشاد السالك الى اشرف المساك

popularly known as “Askar” derived from the author’s name

عبد الرحمان بن محمد بن عسكر المالكي البغدادي

But due to the high level of grammar used in the book, a number of students make use of its commentaries for easier understanding. Two well known commentaries of عسكر are:

فتح الجواد في شرح الإرشاد

published in Nigeria, and

اسهل المدارك

published by Darul Fikr, Beirut. Almost all the examples in my book are from these two commentaries.

Nonetheless, in “adding flesh to the skeleton,” I deviated a bit from the original book by:

1) Adding concepts like LCM, HCF, prime numbers, etc.

2) Rearranging the flow of the rules and giving them specific names such as Rule A, Rule B, etc.

3) Discussing contemporary issues like in-vitro fertilization which were not in vogue at the time عسكر was written.

4) Including the rulings of other Schools of Jurisprudence, given that the original book is strictly based on Maliki rules.

Question

I have just downloaded your work INHERITANCE IN ISLAM and thank you very much for it.

Please help me answer this question; is a wife that has made an unsuccessful and unequivocal attempt to kill her husband still eligible to inherit?

Do please revert: you are the only author on the subject of INHERITANCE IN ISLAM whose contact email I have been able to get.

Maassalam.

Answer

Thank you for downloading my write-up and your question.

Let’s say a person enters a bar, orders an alcoholic drink, but was arrested before taking it. Will he be given 80 strokes of the cane? No. Why? He did not actually drink it.

Note that he bought the drink with the intention of drinking but was not able to do so, hence he is not to be punished as someone who has taken alcohol because BUYING is not the same as DRINKING. And 80 strokes of the cane is meant for DRINKING not BUYING even though we know that one who buys has the intention of drinking.

To answer your question, it is clear that an heir who intentionally murders someone he/she is to inherit from is not entitled to any share of the deceased’s estate. Now, an ATTEMPTED MURDER is not the same as ACTUAL MURDER. Therefore, to the best of my knowledge, the wife will inherit from her husband provided she is not the direct cause of his death.

Wal Lahu a’alam.

Assalamu ‘Alaikum.

Question

As-Salaamu `alaykum

Brother, can you tell me what the solution is to the following inheritance scenario?

A man dies leaving behind ONLY the following three relatives:

(1) The Haqeeqi paternal aunt of his father

(2) The Akhyaafi maternal uncle of his father

(3) The Akhyaafi maternal aunt of his father

How will the estate be divided?

Any ideas?

JazaakAllah for any help.

Wassalaam.

Answer

Assalamu Alaikum.

Thank you for your question. First, before attempting to answer, let’s go over some basic issues about inheritance of ZawulArham i.e. Inheritance of non-heirs. This is a subject I didn’t cover in my book (Inheritance in Islam) since it’s a bit advanced and in essence, a rare occurrence.

Rule: A Zawul Rahim (non-heir relative of a deceased) in the absence of all heirs moves into the shoe of the closest real heir and inherits as the substantive heir. The gender of the real heir is taken into consideration, not the gender of the non-heir who is inheriting.

For example: a deceased leaves behind grandson through a daughter (son of a daughter), daughter of granddaughter through a son (daughter of daughter of a son), maternal grandfather (father of mother) and Full (haqeeqi/shaqeeqi) paternal aunt. How will the estate be shared?

The son of daughter steps into the shoe of his mother and inherits as a daughter, even though he is male. So he receives 1/2 of the estate. The daughter of daughter of a son inherits as daughter of a son and is given 1/6; whereas father of mother assumes the position of mother and is entitled to 1/6. Also, the full paternal aunt steps into the shoe of the closest real heir to her i.e. her brother who is the father of the deceased and gets 1/6 of the estate.

As a general rule, paternal uncles and aunts of whatever level, whether full (haqeeqi/shaqeeqi), consanguine (allaati/li-abb) and uterine (akhyafi/li-umm) all assume the position of the FATHER. So they receive the whole estate, 1/6 of the estate or 1/6 plus residue depending on the situation. Similarly, maternal uncles and aunts move into the shoes of the MOTHER and are given 1/3 or 1/6 of the estate as the case may be.

Now, in a situation whereby a full (haqeeqi) paternal uncle/aunt is inheriting along a consanguine (allaati) paternal uncle/aunt, the former takes 1/2 of the share of father and the latter is given 1/6 of the share of father. If a uterine (akhyafi) paternal uncle/aunt is also present, he/she receives 1/6 of father’s share. The same applies to the maternal uncles and aunts.

Answering your question, the closest heir to full (haqeeqi/shaqeeqi) paternal aunt of father is her brother, i.e. grandfather of the deceased. And the closest real heir to both uterine (akhyafi/li-umm) maternal uncle and maternal aunt of father is their sister, i.e. grandmother of the deceased.

So, this is a case whereby grandfather is inheriting along with grandmother or simplifying it further, a case whereby father and mother are the only surviving heirs. Thus, grandfather/father receives 2/3 and grandmother/mother gets 1/3. But then, the maternal uncle and maternal aunt in question will share the 1/3 equally since they are both uterine (akhyafi).

Therefore, haqeeqi paternal aunt of father = 2/3 = 4/6 of whole estate

Akhyafi maternal uncle of father = 1/2 of remaining 1/3 = 1/6 of whole estate

Akhyafi maternal aunt of father = 1/2 of remaining 1/3 = 1/6 of whole estate.

Check:  4/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 = 1.

Wabil Lahi tawfiq.

Question

As-salaamu `alaykum

I was wondering if you could help me with something, insha’Allah

Based on what I’ve read, there are three types of grandparents that are zaawil arhaam:

1. Maternal Grandfather
2. Maternal grandfathers mother
3. Paternal grandmothers father

Based on this, I made a 5-generation ascendants tree (attached in PDF form).

M —-> Grandmother

F —–> Grandfather

The M and F immediately above the mayyit are the Mother and Father. They are not included in this discussion.

The grandparents crossed out with the red lines are zaawil arhaam, the rest are zaawil furoodh.

Can you look over the the diagram and let me know if its correct? Are their any I’ve left out that should be crossed out?

Wassalaam.

Answer

Wa’alaikum Salam.

Sorry for the late reply.

I have edited your pdf to create an image file to answer your question. It’s attached. I circled the non heirs (those who are not suppose to inherit) which you left out. Note that at level 1, there are only 2 grandmothers. Then from level 2 upwards, there are only 3 eligible grandmothers. More explanation here https://inheritance.sadtayyfoundation.org/inheritance-of-grandparents/

Ma’ ssalam.

Question

JazaakAllah for your reply.

According to a Hanafi `aalim I showed the diagram to, he says the only zaawil arhaam I left out are the mothers of the zaawil arhaam paternal grandfathers. He sent me the revised diagram which I have attached to this e-mail.

But you have also circled other grandmothers in addition to those . Are you sure you are correct?

Wassalaam.

Answer

Assalamu ‘Alaikum

Laws of Shari’ah including inheritance are guided by proof not assumptions. So, we know by proof that

1. Maternal grandmother and her ascendants are Zawil furoodh
2. Paternal grandmother and her ascendants are Zawil furoodh
3. Paternal grandfather’s mother and her ascendants are Zawil furoodh.

These are clear. No contradictions.

In your research, have you come across where Paternal greatgrandfather’s mother is also a Zawil furoodh? The fact that Paternal grandfather’s mother is a Zawil furoodh does not automatically mean that Paternal greatgrandfather’s mother is also a Zawil furoodh unless we have proof.

Let’s consider this. You have a son and a daughter. The children of your son can inherit from you. But the children of your daughter can not inherit from you. Why? Are they not your grandchildren? But that is what Shari’ah stipulates. Though I am not Hanafi, you may ask the ‘aalim to show you the evidence in Hanafi fiqh where Paternal greatgrandfather’s mother is a Zawil furoodh. If he does, Alhamduli Lah. I have also learnt something new.

However, according to Maliki jurisprudence, only 2 levels of grandparents  (i.e. Maternal grandmother and her mother; paternal grandmother and her mother; paternal grandfather and his mother; then paternal greatgrandfather) are Zawil furoodh. Every other grandparent is Zawil Arhaam.

Finally, even if Paternal greatgrandfather’s mother is a Zawil furoodh, what difference does it make? How many people lived to see their Paternal greatgrandfathers? Talkless of his mother. And what is the probability that Paternal greatgrandfather’s mother will still be alive to inherit from the mayyit? Remember, she is entitled to a share of the mayyit’s estate in the absence of Mother, maternal grandmother, maternal greatgrandmother, paternal grandmother, paternal greatgrandmother and paternal grandfather’s mother. So, practically, how feasible is this?

Therefore, answering your question directly, Yes I am correct based on Maliki jurisprudence. So, in the diagram, (1) Paternal greatgrandfather’s mother (2) Paternal greatgrandfather’s maternal grandmother (3) Paternal greatgrandfather’s paternal grandmother are Zawil Arhaam.

Ma’assalam.

Question

Assalamoalaikum

Best Regards

Answer

Assalamu ‘Alaikum.

Answers to inheritance of Grandfather questions

Question

As-salaamu `alaykum

After having read your book on Inheritance, I went to more advanced topics, like munaasakha. My question is: Is there a way to solve munaasakha problem with only a single chart?

For example, take a look at this problem;

1st generation.

Shahid passes away leaving behind a wife (Raashida), son (Saajid), son (Ahmad) and daughter (Khadija) and 5000000 in property

2nd generation.

The inheritance was not yet distributed and the son Saajid passed away. He left his mother (Raashida), brother (Ahmad), sister (Khadija), a daughter (Maryam) and son (Abdur Raheem)

3rd generation.

The inheritance was not yet distributed and Abdur Raheem passed away. He left a grandmother (Raashida), uncle (Ahmad), Aunt (Khadija), sister (Maryam), son (Abdul Ghafoor), daughter (Sanjeeda) and wife (Sa’eeda).

The question is that how much wealth will Abdul Ghafoor and Sanjeeda get?

Now, of course I know how to solve his problem using three separate charts. But is there a way to calculate the shares of all heirs all in one go, with one chart?

Wassalaam.

Answer

Wa’alaikum Salam.

Sorry for the late reply.

I am not conversant with solving munaasakha problems with a single chart.

Questions

1. A deceased is survived by father, mother, spouse and two or more brothers/sisters. Could this still be described as Umariyyatain Case?
2. A deceased is survived by a daughter and a full sister, which of the following solutions is/are correct (with details)?
   a. Base is 6, daughter gets 3 and full sister gets 3.
   b. Base is 6, daughter gets 3, full sister gets 1 and the remaining 2 belongs to Muslim Treasury.
   c. Base is 4, daughter gets 3 and fill sister gets 1.
3. A deceased is survived by a daughter, a son’s daughter, a son’s granddaughter and a (full or half) sister. What is going to be their shares?
4. How could the inheritance of two (or more) daughters, one (or more) son’s daughter, one (or more) son’s granddaughter, and a (full or half) sister be calculated?
5. A deceased is survived by two full sisters, a half sister and a paternal uncle. What is going to be their shares?
6. A deceased is survived by a daughter, a son’s granddaughter, a full sister and a paternal uncle. What is going to be their shares?
7. A deceased is survived by a daughter, a full sister and a half brother. Can full sister deprive half brother from inheriting?

Answers

Assalamu ‘Alaikum.

Answers to your questions.

1. Yes, this is a case of Umariyyataini because Father excludes brothers/sisters. Hence, the only heirs of the deceased are Father, Mother and spouse.
2. Daughter receives ½ of the estate. The Full sister gets the remaining ½. This is because she gets the residue whenever she is inheriting along with daughter(s), granddaughter(s) through son(s) or a combination of daughter and granddaughter(s) through son(s). Thus, option (a) is correct but the Base Number is too high. It should have been 2; since the LCM of shares under consideration i.e. ½ and ½ is 2. So daughter receives 1 portion and full sister gets the other portion. Options (b) and (c) are wrong.
3. Son’s granddaughter is excluded because the combination of Daughter and Son’s daughter (SD) will exhaust the 2/3 maximum share of daughters. Then, note that half-sister can be Uterine sister (same mother different father) or Consanguine sister (same father different mother). Since I am not sure which one you are referring to, I will consider all possibilities.

a) Daughter + SD + Full sister

The same rule applies for consanguine sister.

b) Daughter + SD + Uterine sister

The remainder of 1/6 goes to the Muslim treasury or distributed among non-heirs.

4) Any number of Son’s daughters and number of Son’s granddaughter through son (SSD) are excluded by two (or more) daughters. Therefore, two (or more) daughters and Full or half sister are the only rightful heirs. So, the possibilities are:

a) Two (or more) Daughters + Full sister

Same rule applies for Consanguine sister

b) Two (or more) Daughters + Uterine sister

The residue of 1/6 goes to the Muslim treasury or distributed among non-heirs.

5) a) Two Full sisters + Consanguine sister + Paternal uncle

Note: Two or more Full sisters exclude Consanguine sisters

b) Two Full sisters + Uterine sister + Paternal uncle

6) Notice that Son’s granddaughter may either be Son’s son’s daughter (SSD) or Son’s daughter’s daughter (SDD). The latter is a non-heir. Also, Full sister and Paternal uncle are both residuaries and one cannot exclude another, hence they are to share any left-over in the ratio of 1 to 2. Thus,

a) Daughter + SSD + Full sister + Paternal uncle

The residue is 2/6.

Full sister = 1/3 x 2/6 = 2/18 = 1/9

Paternal uncle = 2/3 x 2/6 = 4/18 = 2/9

b) Daughter + SDD + Full sister + Paternal uncle

The residue is 1/2.

Full sister = 1/3 x 1/2 = 1/6

Paternal uncle = 2/3 x 1/2 = 2/6 = 1/3

7) No, Full sister cannot deprive or exclude half-brother from inheriting. If the Half-brother were a Consanguine brother, he will share the residue with the Full sister in the ratio of 2 to 1; whereas if he were a Uterine brother, he gets 1/6 of the estate while Full sister is given the residue.

Allah knows best.

Follow-up Answer

Assalamu ‘alaikum,

I hope you and your family are doing fine.

I discovered an error in the answer to the first question you asked which was “A deceased is survived by a father, mother, spouse and two or more brothers/sisters. Could this still be described as Umariyyatain case?”

My response was “Yes, this is a case of Umariyyataini because Father excludes brothers/sisters. Hence, the only heirs of the deceased are Father, Mother and spouse.”

The answer is correct in that the brothers/sisters are excluded by Father. However, it is not a case of Umariyyatain because in Umariyyatain, the only surviving heirs are father, mother and spouse. Hence, the shares of the rightful heirs in this question (Father, mother and spouse) may not be the same as in a pure Umariyyatain case.

Note that in Umariyyatain, if the surviving spouse were to be husband, he takes ½, Father takes 1/3 and mother takes 1/6. Whereas if the surviving spouse were the wife, she takes ¼, father is given ½ and mother is entitled to ¼.

As a rule, Mother is relegated from inheriting 1/3 to 1/6 due the presence of two or more brothers/sisters even if those brothers/sisters are excluded i.e. will not be inheriting. Therefore, my new response is: No, this is not a case of Umariyyatain. Thus, the sharing formula will be:

a) Husband + Mother + Father

b) Wife + Mother + Father

Incidentally, the shares of the husband, mother and father will be the same as if it were Umariyyatain. But actually, it’s not.

Allah knows best.

Question

Salam alaykom brother

Brother, I’m translating inheritance concepts from Arabic into English, but my problem is that I don’t have enough knowledge in the matter, I don’t make the difference between two words: Share and portion, would you please provide me with the original terms in Arabic please.

Jazakom ALLAH kheir, ameen.

Answer

Different books use different Arabic terminologies for SHARE. Some use “mirath” while others use “fard.” It is the fraction of the estate each CATEGORY of heir is entitled to. I created the term PORTION, hence you may not find the Arabic equivalent in any book – at least that I know of. PORTION technically means the same thing as SHARE but it is the fraction of the estate each individual heir gets.

For example, if a man dies leaving behind a wife and no surviving son or daughter, she gets ¼ of the estate. If the number of wives were to be 2, 3 or 4, they are to divide ¼ of the estate among themselves equally.  So, if the value of the estate were to be $1000, the share and portion or the Wife “category” shall be:

1 wife

Share: ¼ of $1000 = $250

Portion of wife = $250

2 wives

Share: ¼ of $1000 = $250

Portion of wife A: $125

Portion of wife B: $125

3 wives

Share: ¼ of $1000 = $250

Portion of wife A: $83.33

Portion of wife B: $83.33

Portion of wife C: $83.33

4 wives

Share: ¼ of $1000 = $250

Portion of wife A: $62.5

Portion of wife B: $62.5

Portion of wife C: $62.5

Portion of wife D: $62.5

Question

RuleZ_n_Example48

Answer

Updated Rule Z

Question

Assalamualikum Muhammad Imran

My name is Hajira Asmal and I live in Johannesburg, South Africa.

After seeking guidance from Islamic bodies and much searching on the internet for guidance regarding the preparation of my and my husband’s Wills, I came across your book titled “Inheritance in Islam”. Your book has been instrumental in my understanding of the Islamic Will and I am so grateful for this most valuable knowledge. May Allah reward you abundantly Inshallah.

The reason for my writing to you is because our situation is unique and we want to ensure that our Wills are in accordance with our Islamic principles and rulings. May I please therefore request further guidance in the finalization of my and my husband’s Wills?

1. My husband is a revert to Islam However, his entire family are non-muslim. We do not have any children. From what I understand I would be entitled to 1/4 of his estate as his only wife. We do not know who else should inherit from him as his whole family are non-muslim. Please can you guide us accordingly? So far we have worked out that I am his only heir – could this be correct?

2. I have no brothers, my father and grandfather are both late and I have no paternal uncles. I have no children.
I have my mother and two full sister siblings. I have worked out that my husband, my mother and my two full sister siblings will inherit from my estate as follows:
Husband: 1/2
Mother: 1/6
Two Sisters: 2/3 to be shared equally
Further calculated as follows:
My husband will inherit 3 portions, my mother will inherit 1 portion and my two sisters will each inherit 2 portions. In total there will be 8 portions. Please advise if I have calculated this correctly.

Question: Is there anyone else on my late fathers side that should inherit from me for example my late paternal grandfather’s brother or his late brother’s sons?
I also have a paternal grandmother but she is excluded by my mother.
My maternal grandfather is also still alive but is a non-heir as I understand your writings.
Both my sisters have children, sons and a daughter but as I understand they are not entitled to inherit from me.

Furthermore, I would like to know if it is permissible to give my husband our home as it is in my name along with the funds in my Islamic bank accounts during my lifetime but these will remain in my name until my passing?
Is it acceptable to leave our home and my bank accounts in my name but state in my Will that my home and bank account funds were given to my husband by me during my lifetime and therefore the home and funds belong entirely to my husband irrespective of them being in my name?

We have found it extremely difficult to find information or obtain proper guidance regarding my and my husband’s unique situations and this is weighing heavily on us. We will not feel at ease until our Wills are finalized in accordance with Islam.

Lastly, please could you advise how bequests work and who these can be made to. What are the conditions etc.

It will be very much appreciated if you would be willing to assist us Inshallah in fulfilling this most important Islamic duty. Should you not be willing please still let us know that this will not be possible.

Jazakallah, thanking you in anticipation of your favorable response to assist us.

Again may The Almighty reward you abundantly for this invaluable knowledge shared.

Hajira

Answer

Assalamu Alaikum.

Kindly find attached the answers to your questions.

Feel free to contact me if there are further questions.

Thank you.

Answers-to-inheritance-questions-2

Feedback

Walaikum Salaam

Thank you so much, you have answered all my questions in detail and I am most grateful. May Allah reward you abundantly always.

I can now rest assured that all our heirs will receive what is rightfully theirs as well as what can be gifted to non-heirs and what should be given to charity.

Your book has a wealth of knowledge and guidance for our Umaah. I believe that it should be printed and made available far and wide across the world.

Jazakallah khair
Hajira

Response

Assalamu ‘Alaikum.

Thank you for your advice. Actually, 1000 copies of the first edition of the book were printed in 2012. All were distributed free-of-charge in Nigeria. Our Foundation (Sadaqatu Tayyibatun Foundation) aims at publishing and distributing Islamic literature for free. However, in order to have a global reach, a dedicated website was created for the book at inheritance.sadtayyfoundation.org .

The book was updated a few months ago. Someone discovered an ambiguity in Rule Z. That prompted me to review example 48 and also add examples 49 and 50. The second edition has been uploaded to the website. If you downloaded the book within the last three months, chances are that you are using the second edition. God has not enabled us to print it like the first edition for free distribution.

Meanwhile, the sharing formula of your estate will remain intact even though your paternal uncle’s sons are heirs. The reason is that they are RESIDUARIES who will inherit any left over after other rightful heirs have gotten their shares. And since there will be no any left over, they get nothing. This is a classical example of a situation whereby an heir who is not excluded ends up getting nothing.

Feedback

Assalamualikum

Thank you so much for the clarity regarding the residual of my estate.

Most people have access to the internet these days so InshaAllah they will come across your book as I did. Where there is good intention surely Allah will ensure that we find the answers.

Wishing you all the best. Thank you once again.

Question

Assalamualikum

I hope you are well inshallah.

I have some other questions please.

1) Would it be permissible for my husband to write and sign a letter in his lifetime stating that certain assets were gifted to me, his wife during his lifetime? These assets will however remain in his name until his death. This letter will be made available to the executors upon his death. Is this permissible in Islamic Law?

2) The same as the above but it will be me gifting him assets within my lifetime.

Note: the reason for the above is that some of his assets are in my name and vice-versa.

3) In the event that we die at the same time and either 1. the exact times cannot be determined regarding who died first or 2. my husband dies after me.
Would it be permissible then to state in our Wills that our estates be combined and thereafter:
– 1/3 be given to charity
– his bequeaths for his non-Muslim family are to be fulfilled
– my bequeaths are to be fulfilled and
– as I am his only rightful heir, that my Will for the remaining 2/3 be effective and dealt with according to Islamic Law for the remainder of our estates.

I look forward to hearing from you soon inshallah.

Jazakallah Khair
Hajira

Follow-up Question

Assalamualikum

Please ignore questions 1 & 2 below. You have already answered these questions.

So it’s question 3 please.

Jazakallah Khair
Hajira

Response

Wa’alaikumus Salam.

Thank you for your question.

First, I will like to know your definition of these three words with an example for each: Bequeath, Will, and Charity. That will assist me in answering the question so that we don’t have a conflict of terminologies since you used the three in your third question

– 1/3 be given to charity
– his bequeaths for his non-Muslim family are to be fulfilled
– my bequeaths are to be fulfilled and
– that my Will for the remaining 2/3 be effective

Or were you trying to use synonyms of the same word?

Looking forward to your reply.

Assalamu Alaikum.

Feedback

Assalamualikum

Thank you for your quick reply.

Herewith my definitions:

Charity – this will be part of the 1/3 of our estates that we are permitted to donate to non-heirs for humanitarian causes
Bequeaths – this will be part of the 1/3 of our estates that we are permitted to give to non-heirs
Will – this is actually the inheritance that our rightful heirs are entitled to according to Shari’ah and the Islamic Law of Succession

I look forward to your quick reply again.

Jazakallah Khair.
Assalamualikum
Hajira

Answer

Assalamu ‘Alaikum

Kindly find attached my response to your question.

Thank you.

Assalamu ‘Alaikum.

Combining estates in inheritance

Feedback

Wa’alakumus’salaam

Thank you very much for taking so much of time to provide me with this detailed explanation which is much needed and appreciated.

Your advice has certainly helped ensure that our estates will be executed according to Sharia and the Islamic Law of Succession.

May Allah reward you abundantly inshallah.

Assalamualikum
Hajira